ABSTRACT
Algae-based systems have emerged as innovative solutions for improving indoor air quality in urban environments. Utilizing photosynthesis, microalgae absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) and convert it into oxygen, while also reducing concentrations of harmful pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM). When integrated into building façades or indoor air filtration systems through photobioreactor (PBR) modules, these systems not only purify indoor air but also enhance architectural sustainability.
Recent studies have shown that algae-based systems can significantly lower indoor CO₂ levels, with experimental setups achieving reductions of approximately 55% under controlled conditions. In addition to their environmental benefits, these systems may also support improved respiratory health. However, despite encouraging results from laboratory and pilot-scale studies, several challenges remain—particularly in terms of scalability, performance consistency under fluctuating light and airflow conditions, and overall economic viability in real-world applications.
This paper assesses the current effectiveness of algae-based indoor air purification systems by synthesizing empirical findings and theoretical perspectives. It outlines both the benefits and limitations of these technologies, evaluates their potential within sustainable building design, and offers recommendations for future research aimed at optimizing system performance and integration.
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